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00001
# Mt 1:1
SUMMARY OF MATTHEW 1
\\The Genealogy and Birth of Christ\\
The Genealogy of Jesus Christ
Three Series of Fourteen Generations
The Betrothal of Mary and Joseph
The Immaculate Conception
The Purpose of Joseph
The Lord's Message in a Dream
The Name Jesus
The Prophecy of the Virgin
Immanuel
The Birth of Jesus
\\The book of the genealogy.\\ Literally, "the book of
birth," or genealogy. This title applies, not to the whole
Gospel, but to the table of descent in the first seventeen
verses. The title was possibly copied from some Hebrew document
compiled from the genealogical tables.
\\Jesus Christ.\\ Jesus, the personal name, which means
"Saviour"; Christ, the official title, which means "Anointed." He
is our Anointed Prophet, Priest, and King.
\\The son of David.\\ The descendant. The prophets had
declared that the Messiah should be of David's seed.
\\The son of Abraham.\\ The Lord had promised Abraham that in
his seed all the world should be blessed. David and Abraham
were the two greatest ancestors of Jesus, and are named because
it had been predicted that he would be their descendant.
# Ge 12:3 22:18
(PNT 19)
See topic Johnson's Introduction to Matthew 9152
00002
# Mt 1:2
\\Abraham begat Isaac.\\ Matthew begins with Abraham to trace
the line down. He was writing for Jews, and Jewish history
begins with Abraham. Luke, writing for Gentiles, goes back to
Adam. For the differenes between Matthew and Luke,
See note on "Mt 1:16"
See note on "Lu 3:23"
(PNT 19)
00003
# Mt 1:3
Three women are named in this list: Tamar, Rahab, and Ruth.
These were all Gentile women, and are named for this reason, and
for their remarkable history. There were stains upon the
character of Tamar and of Rahab, but Ruth is one of the sweetest
women of the Bible.
# Ge 38:11-30 Jos 2:1
(PNT 19)
00006
# Mt 1:6
\\David the king.\\ The greatest of line from Abraham to
Christ, so exalted that one of the titles of the Messiah was
"the Son of David."
\\[The wife] of Uriah.\\ The mother of Solomon is referred
to, not by name, but as the wife of Uriah. Uriah was a Hittite,
a Gentile, and his wife may have been also. She was certainly a
partner of David in the greatest guilt of his life.
(PNT 19)
00008
# Mt 1:8
Between Joram and Uzziah three names are intentionally
omitted. They are found in
# 1Ch 3:11-12
They were probably omitted to equalize the threefold division of
generations from Abraham to Joseph. Such omissions of
unimportant links are common in the Old Testament.
(PNT 19-20)
00011
# Mt 1:11
\\About the time they were carried away to Babylon.\\ The
great seventy years' captivity in Babylon, following the
destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar.
(PNT 20)
00012
# Mt 1:12
\\After they were brought to Babylon.\\ The descendant of the
ancient kings who led the Jews back from the Captivity.
# Ezr 3:2
(PNT 20)
00016
# Mt 1:16
\\Jacob begat Joseph.\\ The descendant of a long line of
kings was a poor carpenter of Nazareth. As the husband of Mary
he was the legal father of Jesus, and Matthew gives his line of
descent.
A comparison of the table given by Luke will show that it
differs in part from that of Matthew. Between David and Joseph
the lists are widely different. Several views, all possible,
have been presented, but the most probable explanation is that
Matthew gives the line of Joseph, the legal line, and that Luke
gives the line of Mary, the mother of our Lord. As the Jews
regarded only male descent, unless Joseph, the supposed father,
was a descendant of David they would not have recognized the
genealogy as a fulfilment of the prophecies that Christ should
be the Son of David; while Luke, himself a Gentile and writing
for Gentiles, was more particular to give the line that shows
that Jesus is really the Son of David. If Mary was the daughter
of Heli, especially if an heiress, Joseph, by marriage, would
become the "son of Heli."
That there is no contradiction between the two tables is
shown by the fact that the Jews who best understood their
genealogies never charged it. These tables were preserved with
great care, for various reasons, until Christ was born, but it
is asserted that Herod destroyed them. If this is incorrect,
they did not survive the destruction of Jerusalem.
(PNT 20)
00017
# Mt 1:17
\\Fourteen generations.\\ There are exactly fourteen
generations from Abraham to David, and two other series made to
correspond.
\\From David to\\, etc. David's name is counted again to make
the number fourteen. The third series begins with Jeconiah and
ends with Christ.
(PNT 20)
00018
# Mt 1:18
\\The birth of Jesus Christ.\\ The word rendered here "birth"
is the same in Greek that is translated "genealogy" in
# 1:1
\\Mary was espoused.\\ Not married, but engaged. Betrothal
was, from the times of the patriarchs, a formal ceremony, and
was regarded a binding obligation. It generally lasted a whole
year before marriage. After betrothal unfaithfulness was
regarded adultery.
\\Before they came together.\\ Before marriage.
\\She was found.\\ The angel predicted her conception, and
when the prediction was verified she probably did not hesitate
to reveal it. Her heart would be filled with joyous pride
instead of shame.
# Lu 1:26,27
\\Holy Spirit.\\ The Divine power. Christ is the only example
of such a birth in all history. His birth, like his life and his
resurrection, is a miracle.
(PNT 21)
00019
# Mt 1:19
\\Joseph her husband.\\ Betrothal, according to the law, made
him her husband before marriage.
# De 22:23,24
\\A just [man].\\ Righteous and humane. To put her away
publicly was to expose her to the penalty of death. Probably she
had made her defense to him, but her story was so wonderful that
he was in doubt.
\\Privately.\\ Give her a bill of divorce. See
# De 24:1
(PNT 21)
00020
# Mt 1:20
\\While he thought.\\ Reflected, still in doubt, perplexed.
\\The angel.\\ Gabriel appeared to Mary; the name of the
angel is not here given. Angels are messengers; an angel of the
Lord is the Lord's messenger. These messengers are usually
superhuman, but not always.
# Lu 1:26
\\In a dream.\\ Often messages were conveyed by impressions
made in sleep. Three times revelations were thus made to Joseph.
\\Thou son of David.\\ It was fitting that he should now be
reminded that he belonged to the family from whence the Messiah
was to come.
\\Fear not.\\ His betrothed was pure.
(PNT 21)
00021
# Mt 1:21
\\Thou shalt call his name JESUS.\\ That is, Saviour. The
Hebrew form is Joshua; the full meaning is "Jehovah's
salvation."
\\He shall save his people.\\ Not the Jewish nation, as
Joseph probably supposed, but all who accept and follow him.
\\From their sins.\\ Not a temporal salvation, but from the
curse of sin, condemnation and banishment from God's favour and
heaven.
(PNT 21)
00022
# Mt 1:22
\\That it might be fulfilled.\\ Matthew neglects no
opportunity to show the Jews that their prophets described
Christ. The prophecy will be found in
# Isa 7:14
(PNT 21)
00023
# Mt 1:23
\\Behold, a virgin.\\ Rather "the virgin," as in the ASV.
Isaiah had in view a particular virgin, the mother of the true
Immanuel. Like many other prophecies, it had a double, a typical
and a true, fulfilment. The first was in the reign of Ahaz,
concerning a temporal deliverance, but the higher reference is
to the spiritual Deliverer of the world. The first is the type,
the second is the great event that inspired the message.
# Isa 7:14
\\Emmanuel.\\ This means "God with us," an appropriate title
for Jesus among men.
(PNT 21)
00024
# Mt 1:24
\\And Joseph . . . did.\\ He obeyed at once, a fitting
example for all men. When the Lord's will is spoken there should
be no delay in obedience.
(PNT 21)
00025
# Mt 1:25
\\Knew her not.\\ A Hebrew form for conjugal intercourse. The
language of the verse does not imply the perpetual virginity of
Mary.
(PNT 22)
00026
# Mt 2:1
SUMMARY OF MATTHEW 2
\\The Wise Men and the Flight into Egypt\\
The Wise Men
The Star in the East
The King of the Jews
Herod and Jerusalem Troubled
Christ to be Born in Bethlehem
Herod's Demand of the Wise Men
The Star Over the Young Child
Gifts Laid at His Feet
Joseph Warned in a Dream
Flight into Egypt
The Massacre of the Children
Rachel Weeping
Joseph Called to Return
The Home in Galilee
The City of Nazareth
\\After Jesus was born.\\ Though the home of Joseph and Mary
was Nazareth, prophecy had declared that Christ should be born
at Bethlehem, the native place of David; and this was
accomplished by the agency of the Roman emperor.
See note on "Lu 2:1"
The pride of the Jews in their genealogies would lead them to
the head cities of their families; thus, Mary traversed with her
husband the length of the land, from Nazareth to Bethlehem, the
city of David, to whose house they both belonged.
\\In Bethlehem of Judaea.\\ Bethlehem was one of the oldest
places in the land of Judea, and had been in existence at least
1,500 years before the Saviour was born. It was the scene of
events so touchingly related in the Book of Ruth. It was known
as the city of David, because it was his birthplace. The little
town has an imposing aspect and commanding site. It stands on
the summit of a narrow ridge, which projects eastward from the
central mountain chain of Judah. It is about six miles south of
Jerusalem, on the road toward Hebron. It contains at the present
time about four thousand inhabitants, chiefly Christians of the
Greek Church, who obtain much of their sustenance from the sale
of relics to pilgrims and visitors.
\\In the days of Herod the king.\\ This statement gives data
for ascertaining the time of the birth of Jesus. It is conceded
that it took place in the last year of Herod's reign. But it is
known that Herod died about three years before the first year of
our era. Therefore, if the Saviour was born "in the days of king
Herod," he must have been about four years earlier than the date
assigned. Herod was only partly of Jewish blood, was a man of
most bloody and unscrupulous character, a great tyrant, the
murderer of even his own wife and sons. Seven of the Herods are
named in the New Testament.
(1) "Herod the king," here named, called by Josephus Herod the
Great, the first of the Herodian kings, a man of great force
of character, but a bloody tyrant. He held his royal
authority by the appointment of the Romans.
(2) Herod Archelaus, his son and successor in Judea (Mt 2:22).
The Romans deposed him and appointed a Roman governor in his
stead.
# 2:22
(3) Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, who slew John the
Baptist. Also a son of Herod the Great.
# 14:1
(4) Herod Philip, a third son, the lawful husband of Herodias.
# 14:3
(5) Another son, also named Herod Philip. He is only referred to
in the New Testament in
# Lu 3:1
(6) Herod Agrippa, the grandson of Herod the Great, named in
# Ac 12:1-3,23
(7) Herod Agrippa, the son of the last, the King Agrippa before
whom Paul made his famous defense.
# Ac 25:13,23 26:27
\\There came wise men from the east.\\ The word rendered
"wise men" is more correctly \\Magi\\, a term which designates
an order of priests and philosophers which belonged originally
to Persia and Media, and who were extensively distributed over
the region of the Euphrates. Those described in the book of
Daniel as wise men, astrologers and magicians, belonged to this
order. We can only conjecture where these "wise men" came from,
but the probability is that they journeyed from the valley of
the Euphrates.
(PNT 22)
00027
# Mt 2:2
\\Where is he that is born King of the Jews?\\ Their question
shows two things:
(1) That they partook of the general expectation that about
this time there would appear in the East a Ruler divinely
appointed to his mission. The works of profane writers of
this period show that this expectation was general.
(2) It is plain that the wise men misapprehended the mission of
Christ, and expected him to be a secular king.
\\We have seen his star in the east.\\ No certain conclusion
can be reached as to what this appearance in the heavens was,
and it is useless to enter into the discussion. It seemed a
part of God's plan that Gentiles as well as Jews should offer
homage to the infant King.
(PNT 22-23)
00028
# Mt 2:3
\\Herod . . . was troubled.\\ The trouble of Herod is easily
accounted for. He was a usurper. This news seemed to portend a
legitimate king, a rival for the throne, around whom the Jewish
nation would rally.
\\All Jerusalem with him.\\ The capital was in commotion. It
was the seat of Herod's power, and his staunchest supporters
were there.
(PNT 23)
00029
# Mt 2:4
\\And when he had assembled all the chief priests and scribes
\\together.\\ Literally, "high priests." The high priests, and
perhaps the heads of the twenty-four courses of priests, are
included. See
# 1Ch 24:1-19
The "scribes" were the successors of Ezra, the official copyists
of the Scripture, who naturally became its expounders, and were
the theologians of the time of Christ. The priests, as the head
of the Jewish religion, and the scribes, as the chief expounders
of the Scriptures, were the proper persons to answer Herod's
question.
\\Where Christ should be born.\\ This demand concedes:
(1) That the Jews expected a Messiah;
(2) That the Scriptures had foretold his coming;
(3) That the very place of his birth had been pointed out.
(PNT 23)
00030
# Mt 2:5
\\For thus it is written by the prophet.\\ The prophet here
referred to is Micah, who lived about seven centuries before
Christ. See
# Mic 5:1,2
(PNT 23)
00031
# Mt 2:6
\\And thou Bethlehem.\\ The quotation is made freely from the
Septuagint version (Greek), which was in common use, and from
which the Saviour and his apostles constantly quoted. The Hebrew
is literally, "But thou Bethlehem Ephratah, too small to be among
the thousands of Judah (i.e., the towns where the heads of
thousands resided, the chief towns in the distribution of the
tribes), out of thee shall come forth one who is to be the ruler
of Israel"
# Mic 5:1,2
\\Princes of Judah.\\ Put for towns, where the princes or
head of thousands lived.
(PNT 23)
00032
# Mt 2:7
\\Herod, when he had privately called the wise men.\\ The
crafty and cruel king had gained one point--he now knew where
the Christ was to be born. He therefore asks another question of
the wise men, by which he hopes to ascertain the age of the
royal child.
\\What time the star appeared.\\ The fact that, as stated
below, he slew the children of two years and under, denotes that
the star had been seen first about two years before.
(PNT 23)
00033
# Mt 2:8
\\And he sent them to Bethlehem.\\ Herod commanded them to
search out the young child and bring him word, but lied as to
his object, which was murder instead of worship.
(PNT 23)
00034
# Mt 2:9
\\They departed.\\ They probably departed immediately after
their interview with Herod, and as the appearance of the star as
soon as they started indicates that it was right, they probably
saw Herod in the evening.
\\The star . . . went before them.\\ This language implies a
miraculous appearance, like a star, which guided the steps of
the wise men. Such a view is no less probable than that a pillar
of fire should have guided Israel. The luminous appearance
\\stood over where the young child was.\\ Either over
Bethlehem, or over the house where the young child was
sheltered.
(PNT 23-24)
00035
# Mt 2:10
\\And when they saw the star.\\ This language shows that for
a time, at least, they had not seen the star until they left
Jerusalem for Bethlehem. Its reappearance caused them great
rejoicing, because it showed them that their quest was not in
vain.
(PNT 24)
00036
# Mt 2:11
\\And they had come into the house.\\ Not, probably, the
stable where the Lord was born, but a temporary home obtained
after the crowd had left Jerusalem. Many suppose that Joseph and
Mary remained at Bethlehem until the forty days of purification
were passed; that the young child was presented in the temple as
recorded in
# Lu 2:22
that then they returned to Bethlehem; were visited shortly after
by the wise man, and thence fled into Egypt. If this is correct,
the young child must have been six or seven weeks old at the
time of the visit.
\\With Mary his mother.\\ The child was probably in the
mother's arms.
\\They fell down and worshipped him.\\ Observe that no
adoration is offered his mother.
\\When they had opened their treasures.\\ They had brought
these all the way from the East as an offering. They offer to
him gifts such as were offered to kings by ambassadors or
vassals.
\\Gold.\\ A usual offering to kings.
\\Frankincense.\\ A costly and fragrant gum distilled from a
tree in India and Arabia.
\\Myrrh.\\ An aromatic gum produced from a thorn-bush that
grew in Arabia and Ethiopia.
The providence of God is seen in these gifts. It provided the
means necessary for the flight to Egypt that was to follow at
once, and to sustain the holy family in a foreign land.
(PNT 24)
# Lu 2:22
00037
# Mt 2:12
\\Being warned by God in a dream.\\ Probably they were
suspicious of Herod, for they could not fail to know his
character, and asked God to guide them. He did so by a dream,
and hence they avoided Jerusalem on their return.
(PNT 24)
00038
# Mt 2:13
\\And when they had departed.\\ It is probable that the Magi
were led by the star to Bethlehem, offered their homage,
departed, Joseph was warned, and the holy family started to
Egypt, all the same night.
\\Flee into Egypt.\\ Egypt has a very intimate connection
with Bible history. It was the nearest of Roman provinces
independent of Herod, was the home of thousands of Joseph's
countrymen, was the home of thousands of Joseph's countrymen,
and was convenient for a return at the proper time.
(PNT 24)
00039
# Mt 2:14
\\When he arose, he took the young child.\\ The message came
while he was sleeping; as soon as he arose from his bed he took
the Child and his mother and departed at once. There was prompt
obedience, as there should always be, to the divine commands.
(PNT 24)
00040
# Mt 2:15
\\Out of Egypt have I called my son.\\ The prophecy here
quoted is found in
# Ho 11:1
Israel, which was called out of Egypt, is spoken of a
son. Israel, however, was a type, and the events portrayed in
Israelitish history were typical prophecies. That was the
dispensation of types and shadows. Hence, the great outlines
were prophetic, and the calling of Israel out of Egypt a
prophecy of the Leader of the true Israel being called out of
that land.
(PNT 24-25)
00041
# Mt 2:16
\\Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked.\\ He had
directed the wise men to report to him after their visit to
Bethlehem. Their return to their own country without complying
with his wishes seemed to Herod a mockery of his authority, and
excited his rage.
\\Sent forth, and slew.\\ A band of his murderous satellites
were sent, and not only slew the male children of Bethlehem, but
those of that vicinity.
(PNT 25)
00042
# Mt 2:17
\\Then was fulfilled\\, etc. The saying is found in Jeremiah,
and was first spoken with reference to the desolation of Israel
by Nebuchadnezzar. The survivors of the Israelites were gathered
by their conquerors as captives at Ramah. There the voice of
lamentation was heard from the mothers bereft of their
offspring. The prophet describes Rachel, the mother of two great
tribes, as weeping and refusing to be comforted. It was still
more appropriate to the bereaved mothers of Bethlehem.
# Jer 31:15
Within half a mile of that city was the tomb of Rachel, and
hence the pathetic language of the prophet is again applied to
the inconsolable mothers of Bethlehem, as though the Rachel that
slept in the tomb were a mourner over her slain offspring. On
the site of the tomb Rachel is now a Mohammedan mosque. For the
burial of Rachel see
# Ge 35:19
(PNT 25)
00043
# Mt 2:18
\\In Ramah was there a voice heard.\\ Ramah was a border
fortress of Judah, where the captives are collected by the
generals of Nebuchadnezzar after the fall of Jerusalem.
(PNT 25)
00044
# Mt 2:19
\\But when Herod was dead.\\ This event was the signal for
the return to Judea. He died in the spring of the year 750 after
the building of Rome, just before the passover. This would place
his death nearly four years before the Christian era, the date
from which we reckon our time. That was not fixed upon until
five hundred years after the birth of Christ, and was fixed
erroneously.
(PNT 25)
00045
# Mt 2:20
\\Arise . . . go into the land of Israel.\\ Notice that
Joseph is not required to return to Bethlehem or to Judea, but
simply to the land of Israel.
\\They are dead who sought the young child's life.\\ As
"they" is plural, there must have been the death of more than
one of those who sought the death of the Lord. Five days before
the death of Herod he slew his son Antipater, a prince of dark,
cruel, treacherous character, whom he expected to succeed him.
Nothing could be more likely than that he had fully sympathized
in the scheme of child-murder at Bethlehem. Now both, "they that
sought the young child's life," were dead.
(PNT 25)
00046
# Mt 2:21
\\And he arose.\\ He obeyed as promptly as before, waiting
obediently upon the Divine will.
\\Came into the land of Israel.\\ This included not only
Judea, but Samaria, Galilee and the country beyond the Jordan.
The part first reached by Joseph on his return would be Judea.
(PNT 25-26)
00047
# Mt 2:22
\\When he heard that Archelaus reigned in Judaea.\\ Archelaus
is one of the four sons of Herod, who are named in the NT.
See note on "Mt 2:1"
\\Was afraid to go there.\\ This implies that he had designed
to return thither.
(PNT 26)
00048
# Mt 2:23
\\And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth.\\ Matthew
makes no mention of the previous residence at Nazareth, and he
now names it first when it becomes the home of Christ. It was an
obscure village, nestled in the hills about five hundred feet
above the plain of Esdraelon, on the side of Galilee. It is not
named in the Old Testament, was probably a small town in the
time of Christ, but now has about 6,000 inhabitants.
\\That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the\\
\\prophets.\\ Not by one prophet, but the summing up of a number
of prophecies. No prophet had declared in express terms that he
should be called a Nazarene. They, however, did apply to Christ
the term "Nezer," from which Nazareth is derived; the Nazarites,
of whom Samson was one, were typical of Christ; the meanness and
contempt in which Nazareth was held was itself a prophecy of one
who "was despised and rejected." See
# Isa 53:3 11:1 Jer 23:5 33:15 Zec 3:8 6:12
(PNT 26)
00049
# Mt 3:1
SUMMARY OF MATTHEW 3
\\John the Baptist and the Baptism of Christ\\
The Preaching of John
The Kingdom of Heaven
John's Raiment and Food
The Great Multitudes
The Pharisee and Sadducees
Baptism of the Holy Spirit and Fire
Jesus Comes for Baptism
Jesus Baptized in the Jordan
The Anointing of the Spirit
The Voice from Heaven
\\In those days.\\ Many years after the incidents of the last
chapter; somewhere from twenty-five to thirty.
\\Came John the Baptist.\\ Called the Baptist or "Baptizer"
because he baptized the people. He came forth as a preacher and
reformer. He was the subject of prophecy;
# Isa 40:3 Mal 3:1
his birth was announced by an angel; he was of a priestly
family, the son of Zacharias and Elizabeth, the cousin of Mary.
He was now about thirty years old.
\\Preaching in the wilderness of Judaea.\\ A region thinly
inhabited, used mostly for pasture, a rocky tract in the eastern
part of Judea and west of the Jordan and the Dead Sea.
(PNT 26)